General Black Jack Pershing Apush

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John ('Black Jack') Pershing John Joseph 'Black Jack' Pershing (September 13, 1860 – July 15, 1948), was a general officer in the United States Army who led the American Expeditionary Forces in World War I. The Reason General John Pershing Was Called 'Black Jack' February is Black History Month in the United States.

  • General of the Armies John Joseph 'Black Jack' Pershing (September 13, 1860 – July 15, 1948) was a senior United States Army officer. His most famous post was when he served as the commander of the American Expeditionary Force (AEF) on the Western Front in World War I, 1917–18.
  • 'Black Jack' Pershing rid the Philippines of Islamic extremism in 1911 by executing a group of Muslim terrorists and burying them in a grave filled with pig's blood and entrails? That is a rumor that has been circulating since September 2001, it is unsubstantiated. Example 1 Email contributed by K.
  • Black Jack in Cuba: General John J. Pershing’s Experience in the Spanish-American War by Kevin Hymel To most Americans, San Juan Hill conjures up images of Teddy Roosevelt and his Rough Riders dashing up the hill to victory, but other soldiers also played an important role in driving the Spanish off the heights overlooking Santiago, Cuba.
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General Black Jack Pershing Apush Ii

Concepts/Terms‎ > ‎

Chapter 30

Key Terms:
Zimmerman note: German foreign secretary Arthur Zimmerman had secretly proposed a German-Mexican Alliance against the US. When the note was intercepted and published in March 1917, it caused an uproar that made some Americans more willing to enter the war.
Fourteen Points: Woodrow Wilson's proposal to ensure peace after WWI, calling for an end to secret treaties, widespread arms reduction, national self-determination, and a new league of nations.
Committee on Public Information: A government office during WWI known popularly as the Creel Committee for its Chairman George Creel, it was dedicated to winning everyday Americans' support for the war effort.
Espionage Act: A law prohibiting interference with the draft and other acts of national 'disloyalty.'
Schneck v. United States: A Supreme Court decision that upheld the Espionage and Sedition Acts, reasoning that freedom of speech could be curtailed when it posed a 'clear and present danger' to the nation.
War Industries Board: Headed by Bernard Baruch, this federal agency coordinated industrial production during WWI, setting production quotas, allowing raw materials, and pushing companies to increase efficiency and eliminate waste.
National War Labor Board: This wartime agency was chaired by former President Taft and aimed to prevent labor disputes by encouraging high wages and an 8 hour day.
Industrial Workers of the World: The IWW, also known as the 'Wobblies,' was a radical organization that sought to build 'one big union' and advocated industrial sabotage in defense of that goal.
19th Amendment: Gave women the right to vote over 70 years after the first organized calls for woman's suffrage in Seneca Falls.
Sheppard-Towner Maternity Act: Designed to appeal to new women voters, this act provided federally financed instruction in maternal and infant health care and expanded the role of government in family welfare.
Battle of Château-Thierry: The 1st significant engagement of American troops in WWI.
Meuse-Argonne offensive: General John J. 'Black Jack: Pershing led American troops in this effort to cut the German railroad lines by supplying the western front
League of Nations: A world organization of national governments proposed by Wilson and established by the Treaty of Versailles in 1919. It worked to facilitate peaceful international cooperation.
Irreconcilables: Led by Senators William Borah of Idaho and Hiram Johnson of California, this was a hard-core group of militant isolationists who opposed the Wilsonian dream of international cooperation in the League of Nations after WWI.
Treaty of Versailles: WWI concluded with this vengeful document, which secured peace but imposed sharp terms on Germany and created a territorial mandate system to manage former colonies of the world powers.
People to Know:
George Creel:Head of the American propaganda agency that mobilized public opinion for World War I

Eugene V. Debs: Socialist leader who won nearly a million votes as a presidential candidate while in federal prison for antiwar activities

Bernard Baruch: Head of the War Industries Board, which attempted to impose some order on U.S. war production

Herbert Hoover: Head of the Food Administration who pioneered successful voluntary mobilization methods

John J. Pershing: Commander of the overseas American Expeditionary Force in World War I

Alice Paul: Leader of the pacifist National Women’s Party who opposed U.S. involvement in World War I

Franklin D. Roosevelt: Exciting vice-presidential candidate from New York in the losing Democratic campaign of 1920

Kaiser Wilhelm II: Hated leader of America’s enemy in World War I

Woodrow Wilson: Inspirational leader of the Western world in wartime who later stumbled as a peacemaker

Henry Cabot Lodge: Wilson’s great senatorial antagonist who fought to keep America out of the League of Nations

Georges Clemenceau: The “tiger” of France, whose drive for security forced Wilson to compromise at Versailles

William Borah: Senatorial leader of the isolationist irreconcilables who absolutely opposed all American involvement in Europe

James Cox: Defeated Democratic presidential candidate in the election of 1920

Calvin Coolidge: Massachusetts governor and Warren G. Harding’s vice presidential running mate in the election of 1920

Warren G. Harding: Folksy Ohio senator whose 1920 presidential victory ended the last hopes for U.S. participation in the League of Nations

General Black Jack Pershing Apush Dbq

Notes‎ > ‎

Chapter 29

Key Terms/People
New Freedom (1912): Platform of reforms advocated by Woodrow Wilson in his first presidential campaign, including stronger antitrust legislate to protect small business enterprises from monopolies, banking reform, and tariff reductions.
New Nationalism (1912): State-interventionist reform program devised by journalist Herbert Croly and advocated by Theodore Roosevelt during his Bull Moose presidential campaign.
Underwood Tariff (1913): This tariff provided for a substantial reduction of taxes and enacted an unprecedented, graduated federal income tax.
Federal Reserve Act (1913): An act establishing twelve regional Federal Reserve Banks and a Federal Reserve Board, appointed by the president, to regulate banking and create stability on a national scale in the volatile banking sector.
Federal Trade Commission Act (1914): A banner accomplishment of Woodrow Wilson's administration, this law empowered a standing, presidentially appointed commission to investigate illegal business practices in interstate commerce like unlawful competition false advertising, and mislabeling of goods.
Clayton Anti-Trust Act (1914): Law extending the anti-trust protections of the Sherman Anti-Trust Act and exempting labor unions and agricultural organizations from antimonopoly constraints.
holding companies: A company that owns part or all of the other companies' stock in order to extend monopoly control. Often, a holding company does not produce goods or services of its own but only exists to control over companies.
Workingmen's Compensation Act: Passed under Woodrow Wilson, this law granted assistance to federal civil-service employees during periods of disability. It was a precursor to labor-friendly legislation passed during the New Deal.
Adamson Act (1916): This law established an eight-hour day for all employees on trains involved in interstate commerce, with extra pay for overtime.
Jones Act (1916): Law according territorial status to the Philippines and promising independence as soon as a 'stable government' could be established.
Tampico Incident (1914): An arrest of American sailors by the Mexican government that spurred Woodrow Wilson to dispatch the American navy to size the port of Veracruz in April 1914.
Central Powers: Germany and Austria-Hungary, later joined by Turkey and Bulgaria, made up this alliance against the Allies in World War I.
Allies: Great Britain, Russia, and France, later joined by Italy, Japan, and the United States, formed this alliance against the Central Powers in World War I.
U-boats: German submarines, named for the German Unterseeboot, or 'undersea boat,' proved deadly for Allied ships in the war zone. U-boat attacks played an important role in drawing the United States into war.
Lusitania: British passenger liner torpedoed and sank by Germany on May 7, 1915.
Herbert Croly
Herbert David Croly (January 23, 1869 – May 17, 1930) was an intellectual leader of theprogressive movement as an editor, and political philosopher and a co-founder of the magazine The New Republic in early twentieth-century America. His political philosophy influenced many leading progressives including Theodore Roosevelt, as well as his close friends Judge Learned Hand and Supreme Court Justice Felix Frankfurter.

Louis Dembitz Brandeis (November 13, 1856 – October 5, 1941) was anAmerican lawyer and associate justice on the Supreme Court of the United States from 1916 to 1939.

José Victoriano Huerta Márquez (22 December 1850 – 13 January 1916) was a Mexican military officer and president of Mexico. Huerta's supporters were known as Huertistas during the Mexican Revolution. Huerta is still vilified by modern-day Mexicans, who generally refer to him as El Chacal ('The Jackal') or El Usurpador ('The Usurper').

Venustiano Carranza de la Garza (29 December 1859 – 21 May 1920) was one of the leaders of the Mexican Revolution. He ultimately became President of Mexico following the overthrow of the dictatorial Victoriano Huerta regime in the summer of 1914, and during his administration the current constitution of Mexico was drafted. He was assassinated near the end of his term of office at the behest of a cabal of army generals resentful at his insistence that his successor be a civilian.

José Doroteo Arango Arámbula (5 June 1878 – 20 July 1923) – better known by his pseudonym Francisco Villa or his nickname Pancho Villa – was one of the most prominent Mexican Revolutionary generals.

John Joseph 'Black Jack' Pershing (September 13, 1860 – July 15, 1948), was a general officer in the United States Army who led the American Expeditionary Forces in World War I.

Charles Evans Hughes, Sr. (April 11, 1862 – August 27, 1948) was an American statesman, lawyer and Republican politician from New York.